A studio lighting set up can use 3 or 4 lights, it can be intimidating thinking about how the lights will all work together and what the lighting ratios will be. As I wanted a very low key, atmospheric lighting set up I only used 2 lights, mostly only one light with a snoot on it to direct the light onto certain aspects of my model, highlighting them by creating a spotlight.
A lighting ratio is the difference between the main light and the fill. If your main light were twice as bright as your fill, the ratio will be 2:1. A factor of 2 is equal to one stop of exposure, and if you increase your exposure, and if you increase your exposure by one stop, you are allowing in twice the amount of light.
A 2:1 ratio would mean that there is a one-stop difference between the lights. A 3:1 ratio would be a stop and a half difference, and 4:1 would be a two stop difference.
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